1) Nā kala like ʻole
He ʻeleʻele ka ʻili o ka papa ʻōwili wela, a ʻaʻole kūlike ka waihoʻoluʻu, a i ʻole he ʻano bai me ka ʻaila ʻole.
2) Nā ʻaoʻao kikokikona like ʻole
ʻO ke ʻano o ka papa ʻōwili anuanu he maʻalahi a maʻalahi, a maʻemaʻe ke kaʻe
ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka pā wela wela, ʻaʻole maʻamau ke ʻano no ka ʻōwili anu, a i kekahi manawa he ʻano maʻamau nā ʻaoʻao.
3) Nā kikoʻī like ʻole
ʻO nā papa i ʻōwili ʻia he lahilahi me ka mānoanoa o lalo o 3.0mm (koe wale nō ka hana maʻamau), ʻo ka pā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu he pā i uhi ʻia.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pā wela wela ma luna o 1.5mm (koe naʻe nā mea i hana ʻia), ʻaʻole i emi iho ka lahilahi ma mua o 1.0, a loaʻa iā lākou nā hiʻohiʻona oxidation pili i ka mahana.
4) Paʻakikī likeʻole
He kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a paʻakikī ka paʻi ʻana o ka pā anuanu, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe; He haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī, ka hana maʻalahi a me ka ductility maikaʻi.
5) Nā hana hana likeʻole
Hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻōwili anu i ka mahana maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pā kila i ʻōwili ʻia a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mānoanoa o ke anuanu; Hoʻowili ʻia ka pā kila wela ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ductility, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mānoanoa.