ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pahu kila a me nā pahu hoʻoikaika ʻē aʻe penei:

1) He poepoe ke kila poepoe i ka nana aku, me ka laina ole a me na iwi aoao, a ua kahakahaia na laina a me na iwiaoao e ae e hooikaika i ka ili o lakou, i mea e hookui liilii ai ma waena o ke kila poepoe a me ke kaa, a o kekahi mau kaola hooikaika e pili nui ana me ka pipili. .

2) He ʻokoʻa ka haku mele.ʻO ka pahu kila (he kila I) no ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa maʻamau, aʻo nā pahu kila ʻē aʻe he kila kila.3. He okoa ka ikaika.He haʻahaʻa ka ikaika o ka pahu kila, ʻoiai ʻo nā kila ʻē aʻe he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka pahu kila me ke anawaena hoʻokahi hiki ke hoʻemi i ka ikaika tensile ma mua o nā pahu kila ʻē aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona plasticity ma mua o nā pahu kila ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pahu kila. ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka deformation ma mua o ka huki ʻia ʻana, a ʻo nā pahu kila ʻē aʻe he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka huki ʻia ʻana.