ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pahu kila a me nā kaola hoʻoikaika ʻē aʻe penei:

1) He poepoe ke kila poepoe i ka nana aku, me ka laina ole a me na iwi aoao, a ua kahakahaia na laina a me na iwiaoao e ae e hooikaika i na laina ma ko lakou ili, e hopena i ka hoopili liilii ana ma waena o ke kila poepoe a me ka palaki, a o kekahi mau kaola hooikaika i ka nui adhesion. .

2) He ʻokoʻa ka haku mele.ʻO ke kila pōʻai pōʻai (ke kila I) no ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻo nā pahu kila ʻē aʻe ka nui o ke kila kila.3. He okoa ka ikaika.He haʻahaʻa ka ikaika o ka pahu kila, ʻoiai he ikaika kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika o nā kila ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka pahu kila me ke anawaena like hiki ke hoʻemi i ka ikaika tensile ma mua o nā pahu kila ʻē aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona plasticity ma mua o nā pahu kila ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pahu kila kila. ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka deformation ma mua o ka huki ʻia ʻana, a ʻo nā pahu kila ʻē aʻe he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka huki ʻia ʻana.